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:: Health Conditions -
Cholesterol | | |
Cholesterol Reducing Diet
Therapeutic lifestyle changes
(TLC) may help you lower LDL cholesterol.
They include diet, exercise, weight loss, and other changes. Your doctor will
want you to follow TLC even if you are taking cholesterol-lowering medication;
it will be more effective if you maintain healthy eating and exercise habits.
Diet
Diets to lower cholesterol are low in fat-especially saturated
fat-and cholesterol. One of the best things you can do is
reduce the amount of saturated fat you eat.
Exercise
You may need to change your exercise habits. Regular exercise, or lack thereof,
affects your cholesterol level and your overall heart health. People who maintain
an active lifestyle have a 45% lower risk of developing coronary artery disease
(CAD) than do people with a sedentary lifestyle. Weight
loss Excess weight tends to increase your LDL cholesterol level. Losing
just 5 to 10 pounds can lower your cholesterol and triglyceride
levels. Eating a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, exercising
regularly, and cutting calories
will help you lose weight. Other lifestyle changes
to consider There are a number of other lifestyle changes that improve
cholesterol levels, reduce your risk of atherosclerosis, and improve your general
health. - Stop smoking cigarettes. Smoking decreases your HDL
("good") cholesterol. Smoking is believed to change LDL cholesterol
to a form that promotes the buildup of deposits in the walls of your coronary
arteries. Smoking increases your overall chances of developing heart disease significantly,
because it damages your heart and blood vessels.
- Reduce stress. Although
the connection is unclear, some studies suggest that long-term stress can increase
your cholesterol levels. It may be that stress increases your cholesterol levels
indirectly. You should therefore try to minimize stressful situations as much
as possible at work, home, and elsewhere. You may also ask your health professional
for advice on stress reduction techniques.
Therapeutic
lifestyle changes (TLC) diet for high cholesterol People have varying
degrees of success in lowering their cholesterol
by changing their diets. People who have high cholesterol because they eat too
many fatty foods may be able to lower their cholesterol 10% to 20% with diet changes
alone, while others may only achieve a 5% to 8% reduction. Those who are most
successful using diet changes to lower their cholesterol are those who lose excess
weight. Diet changes are usually the first step in lowering cholesterol before
medications are added. The TLC diet is recommended by the National Cholesterol
Education Program of the National Institutes of Health. The diet's main focus
is to reduce the amount of saturated fats you eat because they elevate your cholesterol.
You can reduce the saturated fats in your diet by limiting the amount of meat
and milk products you consume. Choose low-fat products from those food groups
instead. Replace most of the animal fats in your diet with unsaturated fats, especially
monounsaturated oils, such as olive, canola, or peanut. Monounsaturated fat lowers
LDL ("bad") cholesterol if substituted for saturated fat and keeps HDL
("good") cholesterol up. The TLC diet calls for less than 7% of
your daily calories to come from saturated fat and that you eat no more than 200
mg of dietary cholesterol per day. However, the diet allows 25% to 35% of daily
calories from fat, mainly from unsaturated fats. 1 Most of the fats should be
monounsaturated, and only 10% should be polyunsaturated fats. Your diet should
include only enough calories to maintain a desired weight and avoid weight gain.
Food group | Number
of servings | Serving
size | |
| Lean meat, poultry, fish, dry beans and dry
peas | Limit to 5 ounces total per day |
5 ounces maximum per day of lean meat, poultry or fish. Substitute 1/2
cup dry beans or peas for one ounce of meat. |
| | Eggs | Limit
to 2 yolks per week | 1 whole egg. Egg whites or substitutes
are not limited. | |
| Low-fat milk and milk products | 2
to 3 per day | 1 cup nonfat or 1% milk. 1 cup nonfat
or low-fat yogurt. 1 ounce fat-free or low-fat cheese (3 grams of fat or less
per ounce). | |
| Fruits | 2 to 4 per day | 1
piece fruit, such as apple, orange or banana. 1/2 cup canned fruit. 1
cup berries or melon. 3/4 cup fruit juice. |
| | Vegetables | 3
to 5 per day | 1 cup raw leafy greens. 1/2 cup cooked or
raw vegetables. 3/4 cup vegetable juice. |
| | Bread,
cereals, pasta, rice and other grains | 6 to 11 per day | 1
slice of bread. 1/2 hot dog or hamburger bun, bagel or English muffin.
1 ounce cold cereal. 1/2 cup cooked pasta, rice, noodles or other grains. |
|
| Fats and oils | 6 to 8 per day | 1
teaspoon monounsaturated oil, such as canola, olive or peanut. 1 teaspoon
polyunsaturated oil, such as corn or safflower. 1 teaspoon soft margarine
(without hydrogenated oils). 1 tablespoon salad dressing. 1 teaspoon mayonnaise.
2 tablespoons nuts or seeds. | |
| Sweets and snacks | Within
calorie limit | Choose snacks that are low in fat or are made
with unsaturated fats. | |
Adapted from the food guide pyramid to
help you plan a diet that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol. |
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External links: Cholesterol
Lowering
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